Content Vol. 3 N 9, 2017
Pages 166 - 196
Pages 166 - 196
Abstract:
In Morocco, population growth has contributed to the increase of the individual amount of drinking water, switch led to a significant increase in the volume of this water. Wastewater can constitute a non-negligible water resource that can be beneficially reused, especially in agriculture. This reuse, however, requires more control and specific health and environmental programs. These programs must be built on appropriate research on water quality and health. A sample of wastewater catchment points was drowning at the principal collector of this city during February 2015 to February 2016period.The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD = 503.06 mg/l), biological oxygen demand (BOD5 = 242.02 mg/l), suspended matter (SSM = 311.69 mg/l) are high and mineral matter expressed in terms of electric conductivity is about 2365.92μs/cm with a pH of 7.59.Although these wastewater have a high organic load (ratio of BOD5 / COD = 0.48 and SSM / BOD5 = 1.28), they have a satisfactory biodegradability. The test of COD/BOD5 = 2.07 highlights the biodegradability of these waters to which biological treatment seems quite suitable.
Key words:
Physicochemical characterization, Wastewater, Chemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand, Suspended matter, Biodegradability.
Tourism and income distribution in the Sub-Saharan African region; Jelilov Gylych, Adedoyin Ramat Ayinde; Inter. J. Acad. Stud; 3(9):(2017)178-196
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of tourism growth on income distribution in Sub Saharan African Countries. Given the persistent high growth rate in the global tourism industry since 2010, international tourism, especially in Africa, is seen as a tool for economic development. Currently, tourism in Sub Saharan Africa is increasingly attracting regional and international investment with formidable influx of international tourists, expanding hotel chains, increasing job opportunities and furthering of regional integration. Hence, income generation abounds and economic growth is inevitable. That is, as a form of foreign exchange earnings, tourism has the tendency to raise government revenue, accelerate the development of infrastructural facilities, create employment and increase output. Accompanied challenges, however, include the need for; dedicated policies from governments, strengthened infrastructural facilities, improved security of lives and property, and equitable distribution of income. This study focuses on how expanding tourism impacts on equitable distribution of income in Sub Saharan African Countries. Hence, considering the economic, social and political structure of these Countries, inefficient management of prospective economic growth may exist and thus deny the poor of possible benefits from tourism growth. This study thus examines the relationship that exists between income inequality and tourism expansion for the Sub Saharan Africa region using fixed effect model. Selecting 10 countries randomly, the study uses economic data from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Uganda. It finds a positive relationship exists, which implies that expanding tourism growth relates positively with increasing income inequality. This study concludes that governments and regulating bodies of countries in this region implement appropriate policies to ensure equitable income distribution as economic grows from expanding tourism.
Tourism, Income Inequality, Panel Data, Fixed Effect Model.