Content Vol. 3 N 8, 2017
Pages 142 - 165
Pages 142 - 165
Does FDI contribute to income inequality in Sub-Saharan African countries?
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of tourism growth on income distribution in Sub Saharan African Countries. Given the persistent high growth rate in the global tourism industry since 2010, international tourism, especially in Africa, is seen as a tool for economic development. Currently, tourism in Sub Saharan Africa is increasingly attracting regional and international investment with formidable influx of international tourists, expanding hotel chains, increasing job opportunities and furthering of regional integration. Hence, income generation abounds and economic growth is inevitable. That is, as a form of foreign exchange earnings, tourism has the tendency to raise government revenue, accelerate the development of infrastructural facilities, create employment and increase output. Accompanied challenges, however, include the need for; dedicated policies from governments, strengthened infrastructural facilities, improved security of lives and property, and equitable distribution of income. This study focuses on how expanding tourism impacts on equitable distribution of income in Sub Saharan African Countries. Hence, considering the economic, social and political structure of these Countries, inefficient management of prospective economic growth may exist and thus deny the poor of possible benefits from tourism growth. This study thus examines the relationship that exists between income inequality and tourism expansion for the Sub Saharan Africa region using fixed effect model. Selecting 10 countries randomly, the study uses economic data from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Uganda. It finds a positive relationship exists, which implies that expanding tourism growth relates positively with increasing income inequality. This study concludes that governments and regulating bodies of countries in this region implement appropriate policies to ensure equitable income distribution as economic grows from expanding tourism.
Key words:
Tourism, Income Inequality, Panel Data, Fixed Effect Model.
Physico-chemical and sensory analysis of energetic bars from fruits purees in Morocco
Abstract:
In this study, we aimed to produce a novel fruit bars by using two of popular Moroccan fruit which are apple and quince. Standard procedures were adopted for preparing these fruit bars.Immediately after production, the storage period, pH, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content and moisture content of samples were evaluated. Furthermore after the storage period, colour parameters were also determined. Sensory quality evaluations were performed to evaluate the overall virtues of fruit bar. Results showed that physicochemical parameters complied with standards for quince subject principal for this study. Results of sensory quality evaluation indicated apples and quince to have both excellent potential to be converted into fruit bars. This study also suggests quince bars may be expected to fulfill the requirements of health conscious consumers. It is anticipated that this novel food product will attract better market ability at the international level.
Key words:
Physico-chemical analysis, Fruit purees, Energetic bar, Apple, Quince, Sensorial analysis.
Abstract:
In this study, we aimed to produce a novel fruit bars by using two of popular Moroccan fruit which are apple and quince. Standard procedures were adopted for preparing these fruit bars.Immediately after production, the storage period, pH, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content and moisture content of samples were evaluated. Furthermore after the storage period, colour parameters were also determined. Sensory quality evaluations were performed to evaluate the overall virtues of fruit bar. Results showed that physicochemical parameters complied with standards for quince subject principal for this study. Results of sensory quality evaluation indicated apples and quince to have both excellent potential to be converted into fruit bars. This study also suggests quince bars may be expected to fulfill the requirements of health conscious consumers. It is anticipated that this novel food product will attract better market ability at the international level.
Key words:
Physico-chemical analysis, Fruit purees, Energetic bar, Apple, Quince, Sensorial analysis.